Greater and lesser powers of tort reform: the primary jurisdiction doctrine and state-law claims concerning FDA-approved products.

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1039 R I. THE PRIMARY JURISDICTION DOCTRINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1043 R II. CONSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS IN FEDERAL-COURT LITIGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1048 R A. Article III Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1049 R B. Seventh Amendment Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055 R 1. Primary Jurisdiction Decisions and the Seventh Amendment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055 R 2. Reasoning from General Principles of the Seventh Amendment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1056 R III. CONSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS IN STATE-COURT LITIGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1060 R A. Primary Jurisdiction Cases Involving State Courts . . . 1062 R B. The Court’s Modern Federalism Decisions . . . . . . . . . . 1063 R 1. The Strongest Case for Constitutionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1064 R 2. A Weaker Case: No Issues of Substantive Federal Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1066 R 3. A Weaker Case: Giving FDA Determinations Binding Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1071 R CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072 R